Saturday, November 20, 2010
Tuesday, October 12, 2010
Occupation: nurse, reformer
Known for: founder of the modern nursing profession as a trained profession. Head British nurse, Crimean War.
Also known as: Lady with the Lamp; Flo
About Florence Nightingale:
Born to a comfortable family, Florence Nightingale was educated by governesses and then by her father, with her older sister, Panthenope. She was familiar with the Greek and Latin classical languages, and modern languages of French, German, and Italian. She also studied history, grammar, and philosophy. At twenty, she overcame parental objections to receive tutoring in mathematics.
On February 7, 1837, Florence Nightingale heard, by her account, the voice of God telling her that she had a mission in life. It took her some years of searching to identify that mission. This was the first of four occasions where Florence Nightingale said she heard the voice of God.
By 1844, over parental objections, Florence Nightingale chose a different path than the social life and marriage expected of her by her parents -- she chose to work in nursing, which was then not quite a respectable profession for women.
Florence Nightingale went to Kaiserwerth in Prussia to experience a German training program for girls who would serve as nurses. She worked briefly for a Sisters of Mercy hospital near Paris. Her views began to be respected.
In 1853, Florence Nightingale became the (unpaid) superintendent of London's Institution for the Care of Sick Gentlewomen.
When the Crimean War began, reports came back to England about terrible conditions for wounded and sick soldiers. Florence Nightingale volunteered to go to Turkey, and at the urging of a family friend, then secretary of state at war, she took a large group of women as nurses. Thirty-eight women, including 18 Anglican and Roman Catholic sisters, accompanied Florence Nightingale to the warfront.
Florence Nightingale left England on October 21, 1854, and entered the military hospital at Scutari, Turkey, on November 5, 1854.
From 1854-56, Florence Nightingale headed nursing efforts in English military hospitals in Scutari, Turkey. She stablished more sanitary conditions and ordered supplies, beginning with clothing and bedding. She gradually won over -- at least enough to get cooperation -- the military doctors. She used significant funds raised by the London Times.
Soon, Florence Nightingale focused more on administration than on actual nursing. But she continued to visit the wards, and to send letters back home from injured and ill soldiers. Her rule that she be the only woman in the wards at night earned her the title "The Lady with the Lamp." The mortality rate at the military hospital fell from 60% at her arrival to 2% six months later.
Florence Nightingale applied her education and interest in mathematics to develop statistical analyses of disease and mortality, inventing the use of the pie chart.
Florence Nightingale fought both a not-too-willing military bureaucracy and her own illness with Crimean fever to eventually become general superintendent of the Female Nursing Establishment of the Military Hospitals of the Army (March 16, 1856).
Florence Nightingale was already a heroine in England when she returned, though she actively worked against the adulation of the public. She helped to establish the Royal Commission on the Health of the Army in 1857, and gave evidence to the commission and compiled her own report, published privately in 1858. She also became involved -- from London -- in advising on sanitation in India.
Florence Nightingale was quite ill from 1857 until the end of her life, living in London, mostly as an invalid. Her illness, never identified, may have been organic or psychosomatic -- some have even suspected it was intentional, to give her the privacy and time to continue her writing. She could choose when to receive visits from people including her family members.
In 1860 she founded the Nightingale School and Home for Nurses in London, England, using funds contributed by the public to honor her work in the Crimea. In 1861, she helped inspire the Liverpool system of district nursing, which later spread widely.
Elizabeth Blackwell's plan for opening a Woman's Medical College (it opened in 1868 and continued for 31 years) was developed in consultation with Florence Nightingale.
By 1901, Florence Nightingale was completely blind. The King awarded her the Order of Merit in 1907, making Florence Nightingale the first woman to receive that honor.
Florence Nightingale declined the offer of a national funeral and of burial at Westminster Abbey, requesting that her grave be marked simply
Known for: founder of the modern nursing profession as a trained profession. Head British nurse, Crimean War.
Also known as: Lady with the Lamp; Flo
About Florence Nightingale:
Born to a comfortable family, Florence Nightingale was educated by governesses and then by her father, with her older sister, Panthenope. She was familiar with the Greek and Latin classical languages, and modern languages of French, German, and Italian. She also studied history, grammar, and philosophy. At twenty, she overcame parental objections to receive tutoring in mathematics.
On February 7, 1837, Florence Nightingale heard, by her account, the voice of God telling her that she had a mission in life. It took her some years of searching to identify that mission. This was the first of four occasions where Florence Nightingale said she heard the voice of God.
By 1844, over parental objections, Florence Nightingale chose a different path than the social life and marriage expected of her by her parents -- she chose to work in nursing, which was then not quite a respectable profession for women.
Florence Nightingale went to Kaiserwerth in Prussia to experience a German training program for girls who would serve as nurses. She worked briefly for a Sisters of Mercy hospital near Paris. Her views began to be respected.
In 1853, Florence Nightingale became the (unpaid) superintendent of London's Institution for the Care of Sick Gentlewomen.
When the Crimean War began, reports came back to England about terrible conditions for wounded and sick soldiers. Florence Nightingale volunteered to go to Turkey, and at the urging of a family friend, then secretary of state at war, she took a large group of women as nurses. Thirty-eight women, including 18 Anglican and Roman Catholic sisters, accompanied Florence Nightingale to the warfront.
Florence Nightingale left England on October 21, 1854, and entered the military hospital at Scutari, Turkey, on November 5, 1854.
From 1854-56, Florence Nightingale headed nursing efforts in English military hospitals in Scutari, Turkey. She stablished more sanitary conditions and ordered supplies, beginning with clothing and bedding. She gradually won over -- at least enough to get cooperation -- the military doctors. She used significant funds raised by the London Times.
Soon, Florence Nightingale focused more on administration than on actual nursing. But she continued to visit the wards, and to send letters back home from injured and ill soldiers. Her rule that she be the only woman in the wards at night earned her the title "The Lady with the Lamp." The mortality rate at the military hospital fell from 60% at her arrival to 2% six months later.
Florence Nightingale applied her education and interest in mathematics to develop statistical analyses of disease and mortality, inventing the use of the pie chart.
Florence Nightingale fought both a not-too-willing military bureaucracy and her own illness with Crimean fever to eventually become general superintendent of the Female Nursing Establishment of the Military Hospitals of the Army (March 16, 1856).
Florence Nightingale was already a heroine in England when she returned, though she actively worked against the adulation of the public. She helped to establish the Royal Commission on the Health of the Army in 1857, and gave evidence to the commission and compiled her own report, published privately in 1858. She also became involved -- from London -- in advising on sanitation in India.
Florence Nightingale was quite ill from 1857 until the end of her life, living in London, mostly as an invalid. Her illness, never identified, may have been organic or psychosomatic -- some have even suspected it was intentional, to give her the privacy and time to continue her writing. She could choose when to receive visits from people including her family members.
In 1860 she founded the Nightingale School and Home for Nurses in London, England, using funds contributed by the public to honor her work in the Crimea. In 1861, she helped inspire the Liverpool system of district nursing, which later spread widely.
Elizabeth Blackwell's plan for opening a Woman's Medical College (it opened in 1868 and continued for 31 years) was developed in consultation with Florence Nightingale.
By 1901, Florence Nightingale was completely blind. The King awarded her the Order of Merit in 1907, making Florence Nightingale the first woman to receive that honor.
Florence Nightingale declined the offer of a national funeral and of burial at Westminster Abbey, requesting that her grave be marked simply
Friday, October 8, 2010
A person with autism or some other mental disability who is exceptionally gifted in a highly specialized field, such as math (rapid mental calculation) or music (ability to play a complex piece of music after hearing it only once).
This term is now outdated. Autistic savant is the current term.
Etymology
From French, literally learned idiot.
Usage
"I thought of him as a kind of idiot-savant - a man who had flashes of insight and brilliance. And he also had a great spirit." — Dan Harper; Save the Eccentrics; Santa Cruz Sentinel (California); Mar 21, 2004.
"The author, a self-proclaimed idiot savant, explains his motivation for the book on its back cover." — Drawing From Life; National Post (Canada); Mar 2, 2004.
This term is now outdated. Autistic savant is the current term.
Etymology
From French, literally learned idiot.
Usage
"I thought of him as a kind of idiot-savant - a man who had flashes of insight and brilliance. And he also had a great spirit." — Dan Harper; Save the Eccentrics; Santa Cruz Sentinel (California); Mar 21, 2004.
"The author, a self-proclaimed idiot savant, explains his motivation for the book on its back cover." — Drawing From Life; National Post (Canada); Mar 2, 2004.
Sunday, August 1, 2010
how to write a report
KOLEJ PROFESIONAL MARA BERANANG
REPORT WRITING FORMAT
Prepared by:
Roselena Mansor
Deputy Director (Academic Affairs)
10 December 2009
2
This report format contains guideline on word-processed report writing for all
programmes in KPM Beranang.
1.0 Language
The entire report should be written in English except for courses which the medium of
instruction is not in English. Language used must be simple and direct to the related
course.
2.0 Font
Use Arial as font type of size 12 for all text in the report.
3.0 Title and subtitle
All titles and subtitles must be numbered and bold. The subtitles should not be indented
but arranged in a structured manner not more than three levels as follow:
1.0 First level (Title of the topic) – level 1
1.1 Second level (Title of the subtopic) – level 2
1.1.1 Third level (Title of the sub-subtopic) – level 3
Sub-topics beyond level three are not allowed and should be labeled using alphabets
(a, b, c, …) and Romans. Numbering using Roman style (i, ii, iii, ….) is only allowed
after the alphabets have been used.
Example:
1.1.1 ………
a. ……………..
i. ……………..
b. …………….
3
All numbering should be left aligned.
4.0 Line/Body Text Spacing
Use JUSTIFY alignment with 1.5 spacing for the entire body text throughout the report.
The text body should not be indented for each paragraph, but hit the enter key twice
before stating the following new paragraph.
5.0 Captions
Captions must be written at the top of any table or figure.
6.0 Margins
All pages should be set with the same margin. The left margin should be 1.5 inch (for
binding purpose) and 1 inch for the top, right and bottom margins.
7.0 Pagination
Page numbers should be at the right bottom of the page and the page numbers should
appear by themselves and are not to be enclosed in parentheses, hyphens, title, etc.
8.0 Report Content
Report must not exceed 3,000 words and must contain the following:
4
8.1 Title page
College Logo (top centre)
KOLEJ PROFESIONAL MARA BERANANG
Course Title (centre)
Title of Report (centre)
Prepared for
Lecturer’s Name
Prepared by
Student’s Name (centre)
Academic Session & Year (centre)
8.2 Declaration
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work in this report is my own except for quotations and
summaries which have been duly acknowledged.
Date Student’s name & Signature
Student’s ID Number
5
8.3 Text
A report must have an introduction, findings or discussion, conclusion(s) and/or
recommendation(s).
8.4 References
Please cite the source of reference accordingly either from book, journal, electronic
media or etc.
8.5 Appendices
Each appendix should be identified in sequence separately in alphabetical order
(Appendix A, Appendix B, …. etc.). Do not provide page number for the appendices and
they should be placed at the end part of report.
REPORT WRITING FORMAT
Prepared by:
Roselena Mansor
Deputy Director (Academic Affairs)
10 December 2009
2
This report format contains guideline on word-processed report writing for all
programmes in KPM Beranang.
1.0 Language
The entire report should be written in English except for courses which the medium of
instruction is not in English. Language used must be simple and direct to the related
course.
2.0 Font
Use Arial as font type of size 12 for all text in the report.
3.0 Title and subtitle
All titles and subtitles must be numbered and bold. The subtitles should not be indented
but arranged in a structured manner not more than three levels as follow:
1.0 First level (Title of the topic) – level 1
1.1 Second level (Title of the subtopic) – level 2
1.1.1 Third level (Title of the sub-subtopic) – level 3
Sub-topics beyond level three are not allowed and should be labeled using alphabets
(a, b, c, …) and Romans. Numbering using Roman style (i, ii, iii, ….) is only allowed
after the alphabets have been used.
Example:
1.1.1 ………
a. ……………..
i. ……………..
b. …………….
3
All numbering should be left aligned.
4.0 Line/Body Text Spacing
Use JUSTIFY alignment with 1.5 spacing for the entire body text throughout the report.
The text body should not be indented for each paragraph, but hit the enter key twice
before stating the following new paragraph.
5.0 Captions
Captions must be written at the top of any table or figure.
6.0 Margins
All pages should be set with the same margin. The left margin should be 1.5 inch (for
binding purpose) and 1 inch for the top, right and bottom margins.
7.0 Pagination
Page numbers should be at the right bottom of the page and the page numbers should
appear by themselves and are not to be enclosed in parentheses, hyphens, title, etc.
8.0 Report Content
Report must not exceed 3,000 words and must contain the following:
4
8.1 Title page
College Logo (top centre)
KOLEJ PROFESIONAL MARA BERANANG
Course Title (centre)
Title of Report (centre)
Prepared for
Lecturer’s Name
Prepared by
Student’s Name (centre)
Academic Session & Year (centre)
8.2 Declaration
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work in this report is my own except for quotations and
summaries which have been duly acknowledged.
Date Student’s name & Signature
Student’s ID Number
5
8.3 Text
A report must have an introduction, findings or discussion, conclusion(s) and/or
recommendation(s).
8.4 References
Please cite the source of reference accordingly either from book, journal, electronic
media or etc.
8.5 Appendices
Each appendix should be identified in sequence separately in alphabetical order
(Appendix A, Appendix B, …. etc.). Do not provide page number for the appendices and
they should be placed at the end part of report.
FORMAT WRITING REPORT
KOLEJ PROFESIONAL MARA BERANANG
REPORT WRITING FORMAT
Prepared by:
Roselena Mansor
Deputy Director (Academic Affairs)
10 December 2009
2
This report format contains guideline on word-processed report writing for all
programmes in KPM Beranang.
1.0 Language
The entire report should be written in English except for courses which the medium of
instruction is not in English. Language used must be simple and direct to the related
course.
2.0 Font
Use Arial as font type of size 12 for all text in the report.
3.0 Title and subtitle
All titles and subtitles must be numbered and bold. The subtitles should not be indented
but arranged in a structured manner not more than three levels as follow:
1.0 First level (Title of the topic) – level 1
1.1 Second level (Title of the subtopic) – level 2
1.1.1 Third level (Title of the sub-subtopic) – level 3
Sub-topics beyond level three are not allowed and should be labeled using alphabets
(a, b, c, …) and Romans. Numbering using Roman style (i, ii, iii, ….) is only allowed
after the alphabets have been used.
Example:
1.1.1 ………
a. ……………..
i. ……………..
b. …………….
3
All numbering should be left aligned.
4.0 Line/Body Text Spacing
Use JUSTIFY alignment with 1.5 spacing for the entire body text throughout the report.
The text body should not be indented for each paragraph, but hit the enter key twice
before stating the following new paragraph.
5.0 Captions
Captions must be written at the top of any table or figure.
6.0 Margins
All pages should be set with the same margin. The left margin should be 1.5 inch (for
binding purpose) and 1 inch for the top, right and bottom margins.
7.0 Pagination
Page numbers should be at the right bottom of the page and the page numbers should
appear by themselves and are not to be enclosed in parentheses, hyphens, title, etc.
8.0 Report Content
Report must not exceed 3,000 words and must contain the following:
4
8.1 Title page
College Logo (top centre)
KOLEJ PROFESIONAL MARA BERANANG
Course Title (centre)
Title of Report (centre)
Prepared for
Lecturer’s Name
Prepared by
Student’s Name (centre)
Academic Session & Year (centre)
8.2 Declaration
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work in this report is my own except for quotations and
summaries which have been duly acknowledged.
Date Student’s name & Signature
Student’s ID Number
5
8.3 Text
A report must have an introduction, findings or discussion, conclusion(s) and/or
recommendation(s).
8.4 References
Please cite the source of reference accordingly either from book, journal, electronic
media or etc.
8.5 Appendices
Each appendix should be identified in sequence separately in alphabetical order
(Appendix A, Appendix B, …. etc.). Do not provide page number for the appendices and
they should be placed at the end part of report.
REPORT WRITING FORMAT
Prepared by:
Roselena Mansor
Deputy Director (Academic Affairs)
10 December 2009
2
This report format contains guideline on word-processed report writing for all
programmes in KPM Beranang.
1.0 Language
The entire report should be written in English except for courses which the medium of
instruction is not in English. Language used must be simple and direct to the related
course.
2.0 Font
Use Arial as font type of size 12 for all text in the report.
3.0 Title and subtitle
All titles and subtitles must be numbered and bold. The subtitles should not be indented
but arranged in a structured manner not more than three levels as follow:
1.0 First level (Title of the topic) – level 1
1.1 Second level (Title of the subtopic) – level 2
1.1.1 Third level (Title of the sub-subtopic) – level 3
Sub-topics beyond level three are not allowed and should be labeled using alphabets
(a, b, c, …) and Romans. Numbering using Roman style (i, ii, iii, ….) is only allowed
after the alphabets have been used.
Example:
1.1.1 ………
a. ……………..
i. ……………..
b. …………….
3
All numbering should be left aligned.
4.0 Line/Body Text Spacing
Use JUSTIFY alignment with 1.5 spacing for the entire body text throughout the report.
The text body should not be indented for each paragraph, but hit the enter key twice
before stating the following new paragraph.
5.0 Captions
Captions must be written at the top of any table or figure.
6.0 Margins
All pages should be set with the same margin. The left margin should be 1.5 inch (for
binding purpose) and 1 inch for the top, right and bottom margins.
7.0 Pagination
Page numbers should be at the right bottom of the page and the page numbers should
appear by themselves and are not to be enclosed in parentheses, hyphens, title, etc.
8.0 Report Content
Report must not exceed 3,000 words and must contain the following:
4
8.1 Title page
College Logo (top centre)
KOLEJ PROFESIONAL MARA BERANANG
Course Title (centre)
Title of Report (centre)
Prepared for
Lecturer’s Name
Prepared by
Student’s Name (centre)
Academic Session & Year (centre)
8.2 Declaration
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work in this report is my own except for quotations and
summaries which have been duly acknowledged.
Date Student’s name & Signature
Student’s ID Number
5
8.3 Text
A report must have an introduction, findings or discussion, conclusion(s) and/or
recommendation(s).
8.4 References
Please cite the source of reference accordingly either from book, journal, electronic
media or etc.
8.5 Appendices
Each appendix should be identified in sequence separately in alphabetical order
(Appendix A, Appendix B, …. etc.). Do not provide page number for the appendices and
they should be placed at the end part of report.
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